The incidence of anal-sphincter-preservation surgery for the treatment of rectal cancer has increased since the popularization of a total mesorectal excision with pelvic autonomic nerve preservation based on a better understanding of the pelvic anatomy [1]. In recent years, both colorectal surgeons and cancer patients have given increased attention to the quality of life after rectal-cancer surgery [2]. A well-preserved function is directly related to better quality of life. Functional outcomes after rectal-cancer surgery include voiding, sexual function, and defecation [3]. However, sexual function has often been neglected in the conservative societies such as that in Korea. In this regard, Attaallah et al. [4] presented a timely paper in this issue of the Annals of Coloproctology. The authors evaluated sexual dysfunction after rectal-cancer surgery by using a questionnaire and found that postoperative sexual dysfunctions were common and that women were at high risk for sexual dysfunction. This study is valuable in that sexual function in men and women has rarely been studied. However, inherent limitations, such as small sample size and a cross-sectional study, still exist.

In a recent review by Ho et al. [5], deterioration of sexual function after rectal-cancer surgery was observed in 23% to 69% of men and 19% to 62% of women. However, potential contributing factors (either treatment- or patient-related) to, the duration of, and the treatment for sexual dysfunction are still under debate. Standardized and validated evaluation tools are lacking. Previous studies used questionnaire surveys, but various types of questionnaires were used. In the near future, studies to evaluate the functional outcome data for Korean rectal-cancer patients through multicenter studies may be worthwhile.