Which One is Better? Comparison of the Acute Inflammatory Response, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis and Alvarado Scoring Systems

Mohammad Yasin Karami; Hadi Niakan; Navid Zadebagheri; Parviz Mardani; Zahra Shayan; Iman Deilami

doi:10.3393/ac.2017.33.6.227

Articles

Page Path: HOME > Ann Coloproctol > Volume 33(6); 2017 > Article

Original Article Which One is Better? Comparison of the Acute Inflammatory Response, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis and Alvarado Scoring Systems: Mohammad Yasin Karami, Hadi Niakan¹, Navid Zadebagheri, Parviz Mardani², Zahra Shayan³, Iman Deilami; Annals of Coloproctology 2017;33(6):227-231.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2017.33.6.227
Published online: December 31, 2017

Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

¹Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars Province, Shiraz, Iran.

²Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

³Trauma Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Correspondence to: Hadi Niakan, M.D. Trauma Research Center, Rajaei (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Tel: +989171800710, Fax: +987136254206, karamiy@sums.ac.ir

• Received: January 7, 2017 • Accepted: July 12, 2017

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

prev next

5,966 Views
113 Download
24 Web of Science
22 Crossref
24 Scopus

Full Article

Download PDF

Abstract
INTRODUCTION
METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
Acknowledgments
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ARTICLE INFORMATION
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
Acute appendicitis (AA) is one of the most common causes of an acute abdomen. The accuracies of the Alvarado and the acute inflammatory response (AIR) scores in the diagnosis of appendicitis is very low in Asian populations, so a new scoring system, the Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis (RIPASA) system, was designed recently. We applied and compared the Alvarado, AIR, and RIPASA scores in the diagnoses of appendicitis in the Iranian population.
Methods
We prospectively compared the RIPASA, Alvarado, and AIR systems by applying them to 100 patients. All the scores were calculated for patients who presented with right quadrant pain. Appendectomies were performed; then, the postoperative pathology reports were correlated with the scores. Scores of 8, 7, and 5 or more are optimal cutoffs for the RIPASA, Alvarado, and AIR scoring systems, respectively. The sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values, negative predictive values (NPVs), positive and negative likelihood ratios (LRs) for the 3 systems were determined.
Results
The sensitivity and the specificity of the RIPASA score were 93.18% and 91.67%, respectively. The sensitivities of the Alvarado and the AIR scores were both 78.41%. The specificities of the Alvarado and the AIR scores were 100% and 91.67%, respectively. The RIPASA score correctly classified 93% of all patients confirmed with histological AA compared with 78.41% for the Alvarado and the AIR scores.
Conclusion
The RIPASA scoring system had more sensitivity, better NPV, a positive LR, and a less negative LR for the Iranian population whereas the Alvarado scoring system was more specific.
Keywords: Alvarado; Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis; Acute inflammatory response; Appendicitis

INTRODUCTION

Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most common surgical abdominal emergency diagnosis, occurring in 10% of the general population; nevertheless, it remains a diagnostic problem [1 2]. Several clinical indices and laboratory diagnostic tests can lead to an exact diagnosis [3], which is of significant value in choosing the appropriate clinical and surgical treatment [4]. Recently, the Alvarado, the Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis (RIPASA), and the acute inflammatory response (AIR) scoring systems have been the more common clinical diagnostic scoring systems used for the diagnosis of AA [5 6 7 8].

The Alvarado scoring system, which is based on definite clinical findings observed in AA, was advanced to help AA diagnosis and has been revealed to have a suitable diagnostic power [5]. The Alvarado score is broadly used in the diagnosis of AA due to its accessibility and low cost; it also avoids exposing the patient to the radiation present in computed tomography (CT). A new scoring system, the RIPASA scoring system, which has more sensitivity and specificity than the Alvarado scoring system, was recently established. On the other hand, the AIR scoring system consists of clinical criteria and two simple laboratory tests, the C-reactive protein (CRP) and the complete blood count tests, and can lead to a better and faster diagnosis of AA [9 10 11 12 13]. Presently, the histopathology study is the gold standard for AA diagnosis. For that reason, we designed this prospective cohort study to compare the diagnoses based on the Alvarado, AIR and RIPASA scoring systems with those obtained from histopathology and to evaluate several predictive diagnostic values.

METHODS

This prospective cohort study was conducted at Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Ethical Permission in accordance with International Helsinki protocols was obtained prior to the beginning of this study. Informed consent was obtained from all patients. The study population included all patients above 18 years old who developed right lower quadrant pain during the period from November 2014 to November 2015 and who were seen at Nemazee Hospital. Pregnant women, patients who had a right iliac fossa mass, patients who did not provide informed consent, patients who had a previous history of urolithiasis and/or pelvic inflammatory disease, and children below 18 years of age were excluded from the study. The sample size necessary for sensitivity = 70%, specificity = 70%, power = 90%, confidence level = 95%, and prevalence of AA = 70% was calculated as 100.

A total of 100 patients were qualified for the study during the study period. The ages of the patients ranged from 18 to 60 years. All 100 patients were scored using the AIR, Alvarado, and RIPASA scoring systems. The Alvarado score contains 8 parameters whereas the RIPASA score contains 18 parameters and the AIR score consists of 5 parameters. The scores for each of the parameters ranged from 0.5 to 2 for the RIPASA system, 1 to 2 for the Alvarado system, and 1 to 3 for the AIR system, as shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Scoring charts were completed by a senior resident on presentation. A score of more than 7 was taken as a high probability of AA for the Alvarado scoring system whereas those scores for the RIPASA and the AIR scoring systems were more than 8 and more than 4, respectively. The positive (PPVs) and negative predictive values (NPVs) and the positive (PLRs) and negative likelihood ratios (NLRs) of the three scoring systems were assessed.

The patients were monitored from the time of admission until discharge from the hospital. Daily follow-up included the monitoring of vital signs twice a day and systemic examination once a day. Histopathology findings on the surgical cases were collected and correlated with the scores. Scores were tabulated, and the sensitivities, specificities, positive and NPVs, and positive and NLRs were calculated. Also, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were obtained using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 21.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) and MedCalc ver. 15 (MedCalc, Ostend, Belgium).

RESULTS

The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the patients' ages in our study group was 32 ± 10 years old. Of the participants, 66% were male patients, and of the 100 patients who underwent surgery, 88% were positive for appendicitis on the histopathological report. At the optimal cutoff point of >8 for the RIPASA scoring system, the sensitivity and the specificity were 93.18% and 91.67%, respectively. Also, at the optimal cutoff point of >7 for the Alvarado scoring system, the sensitivity and the specificity were 78.41% and 100%, respectively, while at optimal cutoff point of >4 for the AIR scoring system, the sensitivity and the specificity were 78.41% and 91.67%, respectively. The PPVs and NPVs and the positive and NLRs of the 3 scoring systems are presented in Table 4. According to the ROC curve, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.981 for the RIPASA scoring system, which is greater than the AUC of 0.906 for the Alvarado scoring system and the AUC of 0.867 for the AIR scoring system (Fig. 1). The difference in the AUCs of 11.3% between the RIPASA and the AIR scoring systems was significant (P = 0.0020), as was the difference in the AUCs of 7.48% between the RIPASA and the Alvarado scoring systems (P = 0.0026). The difference in the AUCs of 3.84% between the AIR and the Alvarado scoring systems was not significant (P = 0.165).

DISCUSSION

Surgery for AA is one of the most common emergent procedures in general surgery. The overall lifetime risks of developing AA are 8.6% and 6.7% for males and females, respectively [14]; lifetime risks of undergoing an appendectomy are around 12% and 23% in males and females, respectively [15]. A deferral in playing out an appendectomy with a specific end goal to enhance diagnostic precision leads to the danger of appendicular perforation and infection, which enhances the morbidity and the mortality [11]. The inverse is also valid, where with lessened demonstrative accuracy, the negative or unessential appendectomy rate is expanded, and this is described to be roughly 20%–40% [16]. Diagnostic modalities such as ultrasonography or CT imaging in developing countries may raise the cost of healthcare considerably. Unselective use of CT may lead to early appendicitis and needless appendectomies involving patients whose appendicitis might have been improved naturally through the use of antibiotics [17].

The Alvarado scoring system has been the most famous clinical one since its introduction in 1986. It has been shown to have high validity when applied to populations in the United States and Europe. Subsequently, when this scoring system was applied to Asian populations, it revealed a moderately lower specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of AA [7 18 19 20]. The AIR scoring system is another clinical criterion used for AA diagnosis and has been well known in validation studies during the last decade [21 22]. Recently, a new scoring system, the RIPASA scoring system, was developed. This new system, which was exclusively designed for use with Asian populations, is broader and simpler and consists of seventeen items and an additional parameter [5 6].

Our study compared the sensitivities, the specificities, the PLRs, the NLRs, the PPVs, and the NPVs between the RIPASA, Alvarado, and AIR scoring systems. The true positive rate (sensitivity) is the proportion of actual positives that are appropriately recognized; this is the percentage of sick people who are properly diagnosed as having appendicitis. The true negative rate (specificity) is the proportion of negatives that are properly recognized; this is the percentage of healthy people who are correctly recognized as not having appendicitis [12]. The PPV and the NPV are the proportion of patients with positive criteria who really have the disease and the proportion of patients with negative criteria who are actually free of the disease, respectively. The likelihood ratio (LR) demonstrates how likely other people are to get positive criteria if they have the disease compared with a person without disease. The PLR is usually a number greater than one, and the NLR ratio is usually a number smaller than one [23 24 25].

In the present study, the sensitivity of the RIPASA score was significantly better than those of the Alvarado and the AIR scores. The order of the sensitivities for the same population in these scoring system is 93.18% with a RIPASA score >8, 78.41% with an Alvarado score >7, and 78.41% with an AIR score >4. The specificity of the Alvarado score was more than those of the RIPASA and the AIR scores. In the scott study, an AIR score of 5 or more demonstrated high sensitivities for intermediate and high risk patients with appendicitis (90%) and for patients with advanced appendicitis (98%) [26]. In the Chong et al. study [27], the RIPASA score at a cutoff threshold total score of 7.5 was a better diagnostic scoring system than the Alvarado score for the diagnosis of AA at singapore local hospital.

In the study of Memon et al. [28] in an Indian population, the sensitivity and the specificity of the Alvarado scoring system were found to be 93.5% and 80.6%, respectively. The positive and the NPVs were 92.3% and 83.3%, respectively. In the present study, the Alvarado scoring system's sensitivity and NPV were less than those mentioned above while the specificity and the PPV were more. Based on these results, the Alvarado score can be used effectively to reduce the incidence of negative appendectomies.

The area under the ROC curve with the RIPASA scoring system was significantly larger than it was with the Alvarado and the AIR scoring systems. The RIPASA score is fast and perfect in categorizing patients with suspected appendicitis and reduces the need for diagnostic imaging. Overall, a higher sensitivity, NPV, and PLR and a lower NLR indicate that the RIPASA score is a much better diagnostic tool than the Alvarado or the AIR score for the diagnosis of AA in Asian people.

The RIPASA score is a useful tool for the diagnosis of AA in Asian populations, as it contains simple parameters that include clinical history, examinations, and 2 simple blood tests. Thus, upon seeing patients with right iliac fossa pain, the operating surgeon can make a quick decision by using the RIPASA scoring system, with a score >8 indicating a need for surgery.

Acknowledgments

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors would like to thank Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, and the Center for Development of Clinical Research of Nemazee Hospital for their support. We also thank Dr. Nasrin Shokrpour for editorial assistance. The present article was extracted from the thesis written by Dr. Navid Zadebagheri and was financially supported by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences grants no 93-01-38-8861.

ARTICLE INFORMATION

CONFLICT OF INTEREST: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

REFERENCES

1. Di Saverio S, Birindelli A, Kelly MD, Catena F, Weber DG, Sartelli M, et al. WSES Jerusalem guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis. World J Emerg Surg 2016;11:34. Article PubMed PMC
2. Zouari M, Jallouli M, Louati H, Kchaou R, Chtourou R, Kotti A, et al. Predictive value of C-reactive protein, ultrasound and Alvarado score in acute appendicitis: a prospective pediatric cohort. Am J Emerg Med 2016;34:189–192. Article PubMed
3. Golden SK, Harringa JB, Pickhardt PJ, Ebinger A, Svenson JE, Zhao YQ, et al. Prospective evaluation of the ability of clinical scoring systems and physician-determined likelihood of appendicitis to obviate the need for CT. Emerg Med J 2016;33:458–464. Article PubMed PMC
4. Liu W, Wei Qiang J, Xun Sun R. Comparison of multislice computed tomography and clinical scores for diagnosing acute appendicitis. J Int Med Res 2015;43:341–349. Article PubMed
5. Chong CF, Adi MI, Thien A, Suyoi A, Mackie AJ, Tin AS, et al. Development of the RIPASA score: a new appendicitis scoring system for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Singapore Med J 2010;51:220–225. PubMed
6. Butt MQ, Chatha SS, Ghumman AQ, Farooq M. RIPASA score: a new diagnostic score for diagnosis of acute appendicitis. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2014;24:894–897. PubMed
7. Alvarado A. A practical score for the early diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Ann Emerg Med 1986;15:557–564. Article PubMed
8. Kollár D, McCartan DP, Bourke M, Cross KS, Dowdall J. Predicting acute appendicitis? A comparison of the Alvarado score, the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score and clinical assessment. World J Surg 2015;39:104–109. Article PubMed
9. Bozorgi F, Alvandipour M, Montazer SH, Golikhatir I, Khodabakhsh H, Karami M. Diagnostic value of hyperbilirubinemia in acute appendicitis. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2016;26:27–33.
10. Singla A, Singla S, Singh M, Singla D. A comparison between modified Alvarado score and RIPASA score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Updates Surg 2016;68:351–355. Article PubMed PDF
11. N N, Mohammed A, Shanbhag V, Ashfaque K, S A P. A Comparative Study of RIPASA Score and ALVARADO Score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. J Clin Diagn Res 2014;8:NC03–NC05.Article
12. Mán E, Simonka Z, Varga A, Rárosi F, Lázár G. Impact of the Alvarado score on the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: comparing clinical judgment, Alvarado score, and a new modified score in suspected appendicitis: a prospective, randomized clinical trial. Surg Endosc 2014;28:2398–2405. Article PubMed
13. Von-Mühlen B, Franzon O, Beduschi MG, Kruel N, Lupselo D. AIR score assessment for acute appendicitis. Arq Bras Cir Dig 2015;28:171–173. Article PubMed PMC PDF
14. Humes DJ, Simpson J. Acute appendicitis. BMJ 2006;333:530–534. Article PubMed PMC
15. Davies HO, Alkhamesi NA, Dawson PM. Peritoneal fluid culture in appendicitis: review in changing times. Int J Surg 2010;8:426–429. Article PubMed
16. Kalan M, Talbot D, Cunliffe WJ, Rich AJ. Evaluation of the modified Alvarado score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: a prospective study. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1994;76:418–419. PubMed PMC
17. Livingston EH, Woodward WA, Sarosi GA, Haley RW. Disconnect between incidence of nonperforated and perforated appendicitis: implications for pathophysiology and management. Ann Surg 2007;245:886–892. Article PubMed PMC
18. Owen TD, Williams H, Stiff G, Jenkinson LR, Rees BI. Evaluation of the Alvarado score in acute appendicitis. J R Soc Med 1992;85:87–88. Article PubMed PMC PDF
19. Jang SO, Kim BS, Moon DJ. Application of alvarado score in patients with suspected appendicitis. Korean J Gastroenterol 2008;52:27–31. PubMed
20. Khan I, ur Rehman A. Application of alvarado scoring system in diagnosis of acute appendicitis. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2005;17:41–44. PubMed
21. Andersson M, Andersson RE. The appendicitis inflammatory response score: a tool for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis that outperforms the Alvarado score. World J Surg 2008;32:1843–1849. Article PubMed
22. de Castro SM, Ünlü C, Steller EP, van Wagensveld BA, Vrouenraets BC. Evaluation of the appendicitis inflammatory response score for patients with acute appendicitis. World J Surg 2012;36:1540–1545. Article PubMed PMC
23. Altman DG, Bland JM. Diagnostic tests. 1: sensitivity and specificity. BMJ 1994;308:1552.Article PubMed PMC
24. Sedighi I. Interpretation of diagnostic tests: likelihood ratio vs. predictive value. Iran J Pediatr 2013;23:717.PubMed PMC
25. Kharbanda AB, Monuteaux MC, Bachur RG, Dudley NC, Bajaj L, Stevenson MD, et al. A clinical score to predict appendicitis in older male children. Acad Pediatr 2017;17:261–266. Article PubMed
26. Scott AJ, Mason SE, Arunakirinathan M, Reissis Y, Kinross JM, Smith JJ. Risk stratification by the appendicitis inflammatory response score to guide decision-making in patients with suspected appendicitis. Br J Surg 2015;102:563–572. Article PubMed
27. Chong CF, Thien A, Mackie AJ, Tin AS, Tripathi S, Ahmad MA, et al. Comparison of RIPASA and Alvarado scores for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Singapore Med J 2011;52:340–345. PubMed
28. Memon ZA, Irfan S, Fatima K, Iqbal MS, Sami W. Acute appendicitis: diagnostic accuracy of Alvarado scoring system. Asian J Surg 2013;36:144–149. Article PubMed

Fig. 1

The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrate the sensitivity vs. specificity of the Alvarado, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis (RIPASA), and acute inflammatory response (AIR) scoring systems in the diagnoses of appendicitis.

Table 1

Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis scoring system

RIF, right iliac fossa; WBC, white blood cell.

Table 2

Alvarado appendicitis scoring system

Guidelines for management according to the total score: <4, probability of acute appendicitis (AA) unlikely; 4–7, AA suspected; >7, definite AA.

RIF, right iliac fossa; WBC, white blood cell count.

Table 3

Acute inflammatory response scoring system

AIR: sum 0–4, low probability; sum 5–8, mild probability; sum 9–12, high probability.

RIF, right iliac fossa; CRP, C-reactive protein.

Table 4

Diagnostic predictive values with individual RIPASA, Alvarado, and AIR scoring systems

RIPASA, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis; AIR, acute inflammatory response.

^a95% Confidence interval.

Figure & Data

References

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Evaluating the Diagnostic Accuracy of the Alvarado Score and Abdominal Ultrasound for Acute Appendicitis: A Retrospective Single-Center Study
Saleh Al-wageeh, Qasem Alyhari, Faisal Ahmed, Abdulfattah Altam, Gubran Alshehari, Mohamed Badheeb
Open Access Emergency Medicine.2024; Volume 16: 159. CrossRef
EVALUATION OF ALVARADO SCORE IN DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS
Sumia Dra
Libyan Journal of Medical Research.2024; 18(1): 172. CrossRef
Comparison of Alvarado score, appendicitis inflammatory response score (AIR) and Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha appendicitis (RIPASA) score in predicting acute appendicitis
Muhammad Zeb, Sabir Khan Khattak, Maryam Samad, Syed Shayan Shah, Syed Qasim Ali Shah, Abdul Haseeb
Heliyon.2023; 9(1): e13013. CrossRef
A systematic review and meta-regression for validation of the Alvarado score as a tool for predicting acute appendicitis
Sapna Gupta, Venkata S. Kolli, Kimberly Da Costa, Sariya Javed, Ahmed Ammar, Ashraf Rasheed
Annals of Medicine & Surgery.2023; 85(2): 111. CrossRef
Modificación de la efectividad diagnóstica de la escala RIPASA en pacientes con apendicitis aguda y consumo de analgésicos no esteroideos
Pedro Josué Araujo Ramírez, Ricardo Sanabria Trujillo, Sergio Hernández Aguilar, Francisco Javier Hernández Hernández
Acta Médica Grupo Ángeles.2023; 21(2): 123. CrossRef
Performance and diagnostic accuracy of scoring systems in adult patients with suspected appendicitis
David Eng Yeow Gan, Nik Ritza Kosai Nik Mahmood, Jitt Aun Chuah, Firdaus Hayati
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of RIPASA and ALVARADO scores for risk assessment of acute appendicitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Giuliana Favara, Andrea Maugeri, Martina Barchitta, Andrea Ventura, Guido Basile, Antonella Agodi, Ibrahim Umar Garzali
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(9): e0275427. CrossRef
Diagnostic Accuracy Rates of Appendicitis Scoring Systems for the Stratified Age Groups
Emre Gonullu, Zulfu Bayhan, Recayi Capoglu, Barış Mantoglu, Burak Kamburoglu, Tarık Harmantepe, Fatih Altıntoprak, Unal Erkorkmaz, Roberto Cirocchi
Emergency Medicine International.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Serum Bilirubin as a Predictor of Complications of Acute Appendicitis in Adults
K P C Muhammed Irfan, C Rajeev, A Mohamad Safwan, Shafy Ali Khan, K N Vijayan, Liju Varghese
Kerala Surgical Journal.2022; 28(2): 182. CrossRef
Consensus Statement of the Italian Polispecialistic Society of Young Surgeons (SPIGC): Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Appendicitis
Eleonora Guaitoli, Gaetano Gallo, Eleonora Cardone, Luigi Conti, Simone Famularo, Giampaolo Formisano, Federica Galli, Giuseppe Giuliani, Antonio Martino, Alessandro Pasculli, Romeo Patini, Domenico Soriero, Vincenzo Pappalardo, Gianmaria Casoni Pattacini
Journal of Investigative Surgery.2021; 34(10): 1089. CrossRef
Validation of the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response (AIR) Score
Manne Andersson, Blanka Kolodziej, Roland E. Andersson
World Journal of Surgery.2021; 45(7): 2081. CrossRef
Acute inflammatory response and Alvarado scoring systems in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: which one is more accurate?
Abdoulhossein Davoodabadi, Hassan Zandi, Alireza Moravveji, Mohammad J. Azadchehr
Chirurgia.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Diagnostic accuracy of Alvarado, RIPASA and Tzanakis scoring system in acute appendicitis: A prospective observational study
Pushkar Sharma, Ankit Jain, Gomathi Shankar, Sreerekha Jinkala, Uday S Kumbhar, Sreenath G Shamanna
Tropical Doctor.2021; 51(4): 475. CrossRef
Acute appendicitis–advances and controversies
Thomas Zheng Jie Teng, Xuan Rong Thong, Kai Yuan Lau, Sunder Balasubramaniam, Vishal G Shelat
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2021; 13(11): 1293. CrossRef
RIPASA versus Alvarado score in the assessment of suspected appendicitis in children: a prospective study
Tülin Öztaş, Muhammet Asena
Annals of Pediatric Surgery.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Predictive value of scoring systems for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in emergency department patients: Is there an accurate one?
Rohat Ak, Fatih Doğanay, Ebru Unal Akoğlu, Haldun Akoğlu, Aslı Bahar Uçar, Erdem Kurt, Cansu Arslan Turan, Ozge Onur
Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine.2020; 27(5): 262. CrossRef
Comparison of Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis and modified Alvarado scoring systems in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis
Nurullah Damburacı, Barış Sevinç, Murat Güner, Ömer Karahan
ANZ Journal of Surgery.2020; 90(4): 521. CrossRef
Empfehlungen zur Therapie der akuten Appendizitis
M. Andric, J. C. Kalff, W. Schwenk, S. Farkas, W. Hartwig, A. Türler, R. Croner
Der Chirurg.2020; 91(9): 700. CrossRef
COMPARİSON OF ALVARADO AND RIPASA SCORES İN PATİENTS WİTH ACUTE APPENDİCİTİS
Mine ESMER GÖKÇE, İ̇lhan KORKMAZ, Yusuf TEKİN, Sefa YURTBAY, Erdal DEMİRTAŞ, Orhan ÖZSOY, Sedat ÖZBAY, Fatma KUKUL GÜVEN
Cumhuriyet Medical Journal.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Predictive Value of Alvarado, Acute Inflammatory Response, Tzanakis and RIPASA Scores in the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis
Senol Tahir, Andrej Nikolovski, Martina Ambardjieva, Petar Markov, Dragoslav Mladenovik, Gjulsen Selim, Beti Zafirova-Ivanovska, Vlado Janevski
Lietuvos chirurgija.2020; 19(3-4): 109. CrossRef
Scoring Systems in Acute Appendicitis - A Review
Aditya Vijay Mundada, Yeshwant Lamture, Meenakshi Yeola
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences.2020; 9(51): 3881. CrossRef
Can RIPASA Scoring System Predict the Pathological Stage of Acute Appendicitis?
Banu Karapolat
Emergency Medicine International.2019; 2019: 1. CrossRef

PubReader

Cite this Article

Cite this Article: export Copy Download Format; Close

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software

Include:

Citation for the content below
Citation and abstract for the content below

Which One is Better? Comparison of the Acute Inflammatory Response, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis and Alvarado Scoring Systems

Ann Coloproctol. 2017;33(6):227-231. Published online December 31, 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2017.33.6.227

XML Download

Figure

Which One is Better? Comparison of the Acute Inflammatory Response, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis and Alvarado Scoring Systems

Fig. 1 The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrate the sensitivity vs. specificity of the Alvarado, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis (RIPASA), and acute inflammatory response (AIR) scoring systems in the diagnoses of appendicitis.

Fig. 1

Which One is Better? Comparison of the Acute Inflammatory Response, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis and Alvarado Scoring Systems

Table 1

Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis scoring system

RIF, right iliac fossa; WBC, white blood cell.

Table 2

Alvarado appendicitis scoring system

Guidelines for management according to the total score: <4, probability of acute appendicitis (AA) unlikely; 4–7, AA suspected; >7, definite AA.

RIF, right iliac fossa; WBC, white blood cell count.

Table 3

Acute inflammatory response scoring system

AIR: sum 0–4, low probability; sum 5–8, mild probability; sum 9–12, high probability.

RIF, right iliac fossa; CRP, C-reactive protein.

Table 4

Diagnostic predictive values with individual RIPASA, Alvarado, and AIR scoring systems

RIPASA, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis; AIR, acute inflammatory response.

^a95% Confidence interval.

Table 1 Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis scoring system

RIF, right iliac fossa; WBC, white blood cell.

Table 2 Alvarado appendicitis scoring system

Guidelines for management according to the total score: <4, probability of acute appendicitis (AA) unlikely; 4–7, AA suspected; >7, definite AA.

RIF, right iliac fossa; WBC, white blood cell count.

Table 3 Acute inflammatory response scoring system

AIR: sum 0–4, low probability; sum 5–8, mild probability; sum 9–12, high probability.

RIF, right iliac fossa; CRP, C-reactive protein.

Table 4 Diagnostic predictive values with individual RIPASA, Alvarado, and AIR scoring systems

RIPASA, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis; AIR, acute inflammatory response.