1. Crohn BB, Ginzburg L, Oppenheimer GD. Regional ileitis: a pathologic and clinical entity. JAMA 1932;99:1323–1329.
2. Yamamoto T. Factors affecting recurrence after surgery for Crohn's disease. World J Gastroenterol 2005;11:3971–3979. PMID:
15996018.
3. Shivananda S, Hordijk ML, Pena AS, Mayberry JF. Crohn's disease: risk of recurrence and reoperation in a defined population. Gut 1989;30:990–995. PMID:
2759493.
4. Munkholm P, Langholz E, Davidsen M, Binder V. Disease activity courses in a regional cohort of Crohn's disease patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 1995;30:699–706. PMID:
7481535.
6. Regueiro M, Schraut W, Baidoo L, Kip KE, Sepulveda AR, Pesci M, et al. Infliximab prevents Crohn's disease recurrence after ileal resection. Gastroenterology 2009;136:441–450.e1.
7. Sandborn WJ, Hanauer SB, Rutgeerts P, Fedorak RN, Lukas M, MacIntosh DG, et al. Adalimumab for maintenance treatment of Crohn's disease: results of the CLASSIC II trial. Gut 2007;56:1232–1239. PMID:
17299059.
8. De Cruz P, Kamm MA, Hamilton AL, Ritchie KJ, Krejany EO, Gorelik A, et al. Crohn's disease management after intestinal resection: a randomised trial. Lancet 2015;385:1406–1417. PMID:
25542620.
9. Borley NR, Mortensen NJ, Jewell DP. Preventing postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease. Br J Surg 1997;84:1493–1502. PMID:
9393267.
11. Simillis C, Yamamoto T, Reese GE, Umegae S, Matsumoto K, Darzi AW, et al. A meta-analysis comparing incidence of recurrence and indication for reoperation after surgery for perforating versus nonperforating Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:196–205. PMID:
17900320.
12. Lindberg E, Jarnerot G, Huitfeldt B. Smoking in Crohn's disease: effect on localisation and clinical course. Gut 1992;33:779–782. PMID:
1624159.
13. Inoue N, Tamura K, Kinouchi Y, Fukuda Y, Takahashi S, Ogura Y, et al. Lack of common NOD2 variants in Japanese patients with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 2002;123:86–91. PMID:
12105836.
14. Ng SC, Tsoi KK, Kamm MA, Xia B, Wu J, Chan FK, et al. Genetics of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;18:1164–1176. PMID:
21887729.
15. Satsangi J, Silverberg MS, Vermeire S, Colombel JF. The Montreal classification of inflammatory bowel disease: controversies, consensus, and implications. Gut 2006;55:749–753. PMID:
16698746.
16. Eveleth PB. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. Am J Hum Biol 1996;8:786–787.
17. Yang SK, Yun S, Kim JH, Park JY, Kim HY, Kim YH, et al. Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in the Songpa-Kangdong district, Seoul, Korea, 1986-2005: a KASID study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008;14:542–549. PMID:
17941073.
18. Ahuja V, Tandon RK. Inflammatory bowel disease in the Asia-Pacific area: a comparison with developed countries and regional differences. J Dig Dis 2010;11:134–147. PMID:
20579217.
19. Nordgren SR, Fasth SB, Oresland TO, Hulten LA. Long-term follow-up in Crohn's disease. Mortality, morbidity, and functional status. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994;29:1122–1128. PMID:
7886401.
20. Hanauer SB, Feagan BG, Lichtenstein GR, Mayer LF, Schreiber S, Colombel JF, et al. Maintenance infliximab for Crohn's disease: the ACCENT I randomised trial. Lancet 2002;359:1541–1549. PMID:
12047962.
21. Sands BE, Anderson FH, Bernstein CN, Chey WY, Feagan BG, Fedorak RN, et al. Infliximab maintenance therapy for fistulizing Crohn's disease. N Engl J Med 2004;350:876–885. PMID:
14985485.
22. Araki T, Uchida K, Okita Y, Fujikawa H, Inoue M, Ohi M, et al. Impact of postoperative infliximab maintenance therapy on preventing the surgical recurrence of Crohn's disease: a single-center paired case-control study. Surg Today 2014;44:291–296. PMID:
23463537.
23. Sorrentino D, Paviotti A, Terrosu G, Avellini C, Geraci M, Zarifi D. Low-dose maintenance therapy with infliximab prevents postsurgical recurrence of Crohn's disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;8:591–599.e1. PMID:
20139033.
24. Jones DW, Finlayson SR. Trends in surgery for Crohn's disease in the era of infliximab. Ann Surg 2010;252:307–312. PMID:
20585239.
25. Lazarev M, Ullman T, Schraut WH, Kip KE, Saul M, Regueiro M. Small bowel resection rates in Crohn's disease and the indication for surgery over time: experience from a large tertiary care center. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010;16:830–835. PMID:
19798731.
26. Fu YT, Hong T, Round A, Bressler B. Impact of medical therapy on patients with Crohn's disease requiring surgical resection. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:11808–11814. PMID:
25206286.
27. Armuzzi A, De Pascalis B, Fedeli P, De Vincentis F, Gasbarrini A. Infliximab in Crohn's disease: early and long-term treatment. Dig Liver Dis 2008;40(Suppl 2): S271–S279. PMID:
18599000.
28. Khanna R, Levesque BG, Bressler B, Zou G, Stitt L, Greenberg GR, et al. Early combined immunosuppression for the management of Crohn's disease: a community-based cluster randomized trial [abstract]. Gastroenterology 2014;146(5 Suppl 1): S187Abstract No. 1053.
29. Polito JM 2nd, Childs B, Mellits ED, Tokayer AZ, Harris ML, Bayless TM. Crohn's disease: influence of age at diagnosis on site and clinical type of disease. Gastroenterology 1996;111:580–586. PMID:
8780560.
30. Israeli E, Ryan JD, Shafer LA, Bernstein CN. Younger age at diagnosis is associated with panenteric, but not more aggressive, Crohn's disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014;12:72–79.e1. PMID:
23880115.
31. Lakatos PL, Lakatos L, Szalay F, Willheim-Polli C, Osterreicher C, Tulassay Z, et al. Toll-like receptor 4 and NOD2/CARD15 mutations in Hungarian patients with Crohn's disease: phenotype-genotype correlations. World J Gastroenterol 2005;11:1489–1495. PMID:
15770725.
32. Lesage S, Zouali H, Cezard JP, Colombel JF, Belaiche J, Almer S, et al. CARD15/NOD2 mutational analysis and genotype-phenotype correlation in 612 patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Hum Genet 2002;70:845–857. PMID:
11875755.
33. Helio T, Halme L, Lappalainen M, Fodstad H, Paavola-Sakki P, Turunen U, et al. CARD15/NOD2 gene variants are associated with familially occurring and complicated forms of Crohn's disease. Gut 2003;52:558–562. PMID:
12631669.
34. Leong RW, Armuzzi A, Ahmad T, Wong ML, Tse P, Jewell DP, et al. NOD2/CARD15 gene polymorphisms and Crohn's disease in the Chinese population. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;17:1465–1470. PMID:
12823148.
35. Greenstein AJ, Lachman P, Sachar DB, Springhorn J, Heimann T, Janowitz HD, et al. Perforating and non-perforating indications for repeated operations in Crohn's disease: evidence for two clinical forms. Gut 1988;29:588–592. PMID:
3396946.
36. Sachar DB, Lemmer E, Ibrahim C, Edden Y, Ullman T, Ciardulo J, et al. Recurrence patterns after first resection for stricturing or penetrating Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009;15:1071–1075. PMID:
19229992.
37. Ryan JD, Silverberg MS, Xu W, Graff LA, Targownik LE, Walker JR, et al. Predicting complicated Crohn's disease and surgery: phenotypes, genetics, serology and psychological characteristics of a population-based cohort. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013;38:274–283. PMID:
23725363.
38. Papay P, Reinisch W, Ho E, Gratzer C, Lissner D, Herkner H, et al. The impact of thiopurines on the risk of surgical recurrence in patients with Crohn's disease after first intestinal surgery. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:1158–1164. PMID:
20010925.
39. Cuillerier E, Lemann M, Bouhnik Y, Allez M, Rambaud JC, Modigliani R. Azathioprine for prevention of postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease: a retrospective study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001;13:1291–1296. PMID:
11692053.
40. Reinisch W, Angelberger S, Petritsch W, Shonova O, Lukas M, Bar-Meir S, et al. Azathioprine versus mesalazine for prevention of postoperative clinical recurrence in patients with Crohn's disease with endoscopic recurrence: efficacy and safety results of a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, multicentre trial. Gut 2010;59:752–759. PMID:
20551460.
41. Hanauer SB, Korelitz BI, Rutgeerts P, Peppercorn MA, Thisted RA, Cohen RD, et al. Postoperative maintenance of Crohn's disease remission with 6-mercaptopurine, mesalamine, or placebo: a 2-year trial. Gastroenterology 2004;127:723–729. PMID:
15362027.
42. Doherty G, Bennett G, Patil S, Cheifetz A, Moss AC. Interventions for prevention of post-operative recurrence of Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;(4): CD006873PMID:
19821389.