Annals of Coloproctology

Original Articles

Minimally invasive surgery

Robotic surgery may lead to reduced postoperative inflammatory stress in colon cancer: a propensity score–matched analysis: Eun Ji Park, Gyong Tae Noh, Yong Joon Lee, Min Young Park, Seung Yoon Yang, Yoon Dae Han, Min Soo Cho, Hyuk Hur, Kang Young Lee, Byung Soh Min; Ann Coloproctol. 2024;40(6):594-601. Published online December 6, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2024.00171.0024

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Purpose
Robot-assisted surgery is readily applied to every type of colorectal surgeries. However, studies showing the safety and feasibility of robotic surgery (RS) have dealt with rectal cancer more than colon cancer. This study aimed to investigate how technical advantages of RS can translate into actual clinical outcomes that represent postoperative systemic response.
Methods
This study retrospectively reviewed consecutive cases in a single tertiary medical center in Korea. Patients with primary colon cancer who underwent curative resection between 2006 and 2012 were included. Propensity score matching was done to adjust baseline patient characteristics (age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, tumor profile, pathologic stage, operating surgeon, surgery extent) between open surgery (OS), laparoscopic surgery (LS), and RS groups.
Results
After propensity score matching, there were 66 patients in each group for analysis, and there was no significant differences in baseline patient characteristics. Maximal postoperative leukocyte count was lowest in the RS group and highest in the OS group (P=0.021). Similar results were observed for postoperative neutrophil count (P=0.024). Postoperative prognostic nutritional index was highest in the RS group and lowest in the OS group (P<0.001). The time taken to first flatus and soft diet resumption was longest in the OS group and shortest in the RS group (P=0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). Among all groups, other short-term postoperative outcomes such as hospital stay and complications did not show significant difference, and oncological survival results were similar.
Conclusion
Better postoperative inflammatory indices in the RS group may correlate with their faster recovery of bowel motility and diet resumption compared to LS and OS groups.

Citations

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Übergangsphase zur roboterassistierten Chirurgie beim kolorektalen Karzinom: eine vergleichende konsekutive Kohortenstudie
U. A. Dietz, M. Kalisvaart, S. Maksimovic, R. Frey, M. Ramser, B. M. Erhart, U. Pfefferkorn
Die Chirurgie.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Short-term Outcomes After Upfront Chemotherapy Followed by Curative Surgery in Metastatic Colon Cancer: A Comparison With Upfront Surgery Patients: Myung Hyun Han, Youn Young Park, Shiva Pratap, Yoon Dae Han, Min Soo Cho, Hyuk Hur, Byung Soh Min, Kang Young Lee, Nam Kyu Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2019;35(6):327-334. Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2019.03.04.1

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
Upfront systemic chemotherapy with target agents has been recommended for patients with stage IV colon cancer. Some with partial response are considered for curative resection. There is high risk of developing postoperative complications following upfront systemic chemotherapy. We aimed to evaluate short-term perioperative outcomes of curative surgery after upfront chemotherapy in comparison with upfront surgery in patients with metastatic colon cancer.
Methods
Between January 2010 and October 2015, 146 patients (80 in the surgery first group, 66 in the upfront chemotherapy group) who underwent surgical resection before or after systemic chemotherapy for metastatic colon cancer were included in the present study. All decisions for treatment were made through a multidisciplinary team. Postoperative clinical outcomes and complications were analyzed to compare the groups.
Results
There was no difference between the 2 groups in terms of postoperative clinical outcomes. Overall complication rates were not different between the groups (surgery first group: 46.3% vs. upfront chemotherapy group: 60.6%; P = 0.084). When classified according to the Clavien-Dindo method, there was no difference between the 2 groups in terms of major complications (grade 3 or more) (surgery first group: 18.9% vs. upfront chemotherapy group: 27.5%; P = 0.374).
Conclusion
There was no significant increase in major postoperative complications in metastatic colon cancer patients who received upfront chemotherapy followed by curative surgery. Careful patient selection and treatment planning are important.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Impact of preoperative chemotherapy on perioperative morbidity in combined resection of colon cancer and liver metastases
Joy Z. Done, Angelos Papanikolaou, Miloslawa Stem, Shannon N. Radomski, Sophia Y. Chen, Chady Atallah, Jonathan E. Efron, Bashar Safar
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2023; 27(11): 2380. CrossRef
Treatment for Peritoneal Metastasis of Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Young Jin Kim, Chang Hyun Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2021; 37(6): 425. CrossRef

Single-center Experience of 24 Cases of Tailgut Cyst: Ahmad Sakr, Ho Seung Kim, Yoon Dae Han, Min Soo Cho, Hyuk Hur, Byung Soh Min, Kang Young Lee, Nam Kyu Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2019;35(5):268-274. Published online October 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2018.12.18

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
Tailgut cysts are rare congenital or developmental lesions that arise from vestiges of the embryological hindgut. They are usually present in the presacral space. We report our single-center experience with managing tailgut cysts.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 24 patients with tailgut cyst treated surgically at the Colorectal Surgery Department of Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea, between 2007–2018.
Results
This study included 24 patients (18 females) with a median age of 51.5 years (range, 21–68 years). Ten cases were symptomatic and 14 were asymptomatic. Cysts were retrorectal in 21 patients. Cysts were below the coccyx level in 16 patients, opposite the coccyx in 6, and above the coccyx in 2. Cysts were supralevator in 5 patients, had a supra- and infralevator extension in 18 patients, and were infralevator in 1. Ten patients were managed using an anterior laparoscopic approach, 11 using a posterior approach, and 3 using a combined approach. Mean cyst size was 5.5 ± 2.7 cm. Postoperative complications were Clavien-Dindo (CD) classification grade II in 9 patients (37.5%) and CD grade III in 1 (4.2%). The posterior approach group showed the highest rate of complications (P = 0.021). Patients managed using a combined approach showed a larger cyst size (P < 0.001), longer operation times (P < 0.001), and a greater likelihood of tumor level above the coccyx (P = 0.002) compared to other approaches. The tumors of 2 male patients were malignant: 1 was a neuroendocrine tumor treated with radiotherapy, while the other was a closely followed adenocarcinoma. Median follow-up was 12 months (range, 1–66 months) with no recurrence.
Conclusion
Tailgut cysts are uncommon but can cause perineal or pelvic pain. Complete surgical excision via an appropriate approach according to tumor size, location, and correlation with adjacent pelvic floor muscles is the key treatment.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Risk factors for rectal perforation during presacral cyst removal: a comparison between transabdominal, perineal, and combined surgical approaches
P. Tsarkov, S. Barkhatov, D. Shlyk, L. Safyanov, V. Balaban, M. He
Techniques in Coloproctology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Tailgut Cyst—Gynecologist’s Pitfall: Literature Review and Case Report
Andrei Mihai Malutan, Viorela-Elena Suciu, Florin Laurentiu Ignat, Doru Diculescu, Razvan Ciortea, Emil-Claudiu Boțan, Carmen Elena Bucuri, Maria Patricia Roman, Ionel Nati, Cristina Ormindean, Dan Mihu
Diagnostics.2025; 15(1): 108. CrossRef
Laparoscopic Excision of a Tailgut Cyst With Refractory Pain: A Case Report
Masato Kitazawa, Seishu Karasawa, Satoshi Nakamura, Yuta Yamamoto, Yuji Soejima
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Diagnostic challenges of tailgut cysts: a case report on an occult perianal mass
Faraz Khalid, Haris Naveed, Masab Ali, Muhammad Saad Ansari, Muhammad Sajjad Shafiq, Muhammad Husnain Ahmad
Annals of Medicine & Surgery.2025; 87(1): 421. CrossRef
Transanal-transrektale endoskopische Resektion einer Schwanzdarmzyste
Hussein Abdallah, Stefan Heinrich, Matthias Birth
coloproctology.2025; 47(3): 220. CrossRef
Partial Resection of a Tailgut Cyst Attached to the Rectum via a Transcoccygeal Approach: A Case Report With a Favorable Outcome
Eitaro Okumura, Motoo Kubota, Ouji Momosaki, Ryo Hashimoto, Kotaro Kohara
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Recurrent presacral tailgut cyst with mucinous adenocarcinoma and metastasis
Iyad Al Jada, Majd Oweidat, Mohammad Khaleel, Omar Harb, Ursula Abu Nahla, Rahaf Bleibel, Mai Arafeh, Ammar W.M. Hassouneh
Radiology Case Reports.2025; 20(8): 4022. CrossRef
Trans‐abdominal single‐incision robotic surgery with the da Vinci SP® surgical system for 8 cases of retrorectal tumour
Ho Seung Kim, Bo‐Young Oh, Soon Sup Chung, Ryung‐Ah Lee, Gyoung Tae Noh
The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Three Cases of Anal Cystic Lesions in Our Hospital
Kaori Tanaka, Toshiharu Mori, Hideki Yamada, Hideki Mori
Nihon Daicho Komonbyo Gakkai Zasshi.2024; 77(4): 199. CrossRef
Diagnosis and treatment of retrorectal cystic hamartoma: clinical case
S. A. Zvezda, D. G. Dimitriadi, P. I. Tamrazov, A. V. Simonov, E. M. Frank, N. M. Fedorov, L. N. Komarova
Surgery and Oncology.2024; 14(1): 72. CrossRef
Presacral Tailgut Cyst
Shriya Haval, Divyansh Dwivedi, Prabhat Nichkaode
Annals of African Medicine.2024; 23(2): 237. CrossRef
A neuroendocrine tumor arising in a tailgut cyst: Case report and literature review
Wei Guo, Ming Deng, Qiongrong Chen
International Journal of Surgery Case Reports.2024; 120: 109912. CrossRef
Tailgut Cyst in a Child: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Ramendra Shukla, Jay Divyesh Patel, Sudhir B. Chandna, Urvish Parikh
African Journal of Paediatric Surgery.2024; 21(3): 184. CrossRef
Two Cases of Symptomatic Tailgut Cysts
Jan Wojciechowski, Tomasz Skołozdrzy, Piotr Wojtasik, Maciej Romanowski
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(17): 5136. CrossRef
The management of retrorectal tumors – a single-center analysis of 21 cases and overview of the literature
K. Fechner, B. Bittorf, M. Langheinrich, K. Weber, M. Brunner, R. Grützmann, K. E. Matzel
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Kraske-Zugang für Tumoren im kaudalen retrorektalen Raum
Rosita Sortino, Sebastian Christen, Daniel Steinemann, Ida Füglistaler
coloproctology.2024; 46(6): 413. CrossRef
Laparoscopic approach in the surgical treatment of large retrorectal tumors: a short-term experience at a single tertiary center case series in Korea
Jun Seong Chung, Han Deok Kwak, Jae Kyun Ju
Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery.2024; 27(4): 221. CrossRef
Open surgical treatment for giant presacral tailgut cyst – a case report
Q Liu, P Guo, C Li, G Yu, J Jiao
South African Journal of Surgery.2024; 62(4): 358. CrossRef
Cystic lesions of the retrorectal space
Ian S Brown, Anna Sokolova, Christophe Rosty, Rondell P Graham
Histopathology.2023; 82(2): 232. CrossRef
Tailgut cyst mimicking second anal opening in an infant
Jay Lodhia, Mujaheed Suleman, Doreen Msemakweli, Joshua Tadayo, Patrick Amsi, David Msuya
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Surgery of presacral cysts: case series analysis and literature review
K. V. Stegnii, Zh. A. Rakhmonov, R. A. Goncharuk, M. A. Krekoten, E. R. Dvoinikova, E. V. Morova, M. О. Dmitriev
Pacific Medical Journal.2023; (2): 15. CrossRef
Surgical treatment of retrorectal tumors: a plea for a laparoscopic approach
Clara Galán, M. Pilar Hernández, M. Carmen Martínez, Anna Sánchez, Jesús Bollo, Eduardo Mª Targarona
Surgical Endoscopy.2023; 37(12): 9080. CrossRef
Robotic approach to remove four tailgut cyst cases in Brazil: a case series
Bruno Mirandola Bulisani, Luiz Guilherme Lisboa Gomes, Milena Arruda de Oliveira Leite, Ricardo Moreno, Murilo Rocha Rodrigues, Felipe Martin Bianco Rossi, Renato Barretto Ferreira da Silva, Luiz Carlos Benjamin do Carmo, Jaques Waisberg
einstein (São Paulo).2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Tumor neuroendocrino asociado con quiste intestinal: presentación de un caso
Lismary Ruiz Cabezas, Alicia Moreno Ontalba, Mario Díaz Delgado, Esther María Cidoncha Pérez, Alejandro Rubio Fernández, María Victoria González Ibáñez
Revista Española de Patología.2022; 55(4): 278. CrossRef
Risk of malignancy and outcomes of surgically resected presacral tailgut cysts: A current review of the Mayo Clinic experience
Sacha P. Broccard, Dorin T. Colibaseanu, Kevin T. Behm, Nitin Mishra, Peter Davis, Kristi L. Maimone, Kellie L. Mathis, Luca Stocchi, Eric J. Dozois, Amit Merchea
Colorectal Disease.2022; 24(4): 422. CrossRef
Squamous cell carcinoma in a retrorectal cystic hamartoma
Quintáns Ana Teijo, Valadés José Ignacio Martín , del Río Cristina Garrán , Rojo Irene López , Casado Oscar Alonso
Journal of Radiology and Oncology.2022; 6(1): 001. CrossRef
Retrorectal Tailgut Cyst: A Case Report
Neel Shah, Peter Edelstein
Cureus.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A Case of Tailgut Cyst Treated with Laparoscopic Transabdominal and Transsacral Surgery
Naoki Kawahara, Yoshiyuki Suzuki, Yu Sakai, Shinji Maeshima, Takehiro Shimada
Nippon Daicho Komonbyo Gakkai Zasshi.2022; 75(4): 170. CrossRef
Promoting Laparoscopic Anterior Approach for a Very Low Presacral Primary Neuroendocrine Tumor Arising in a Tailgut Cyst
Maria Michela Di Nuzzo, Carlo De Werra, Mirella Pace, Raduan Ahmed Franca, Maria D’Armiento, Umberto Bracale, Ruggero Lionetti, Michele D’Ambra, Armando Calogero
Healthcare.2022; 10(5): 805. CrossRef
A Case of Dermoid Cyst in the Ischiorectal Fossa Resected by the Transperineal Approach
Susumu Daibo, Hirokazu Suwa, Seiya Sato, Koki Goto, Yusuke Suwa, Jun Watanabe
Nippon Daicho Komonbyo Gakkai Zasshi.2022; 75(5): 237. CrossRef
Perianal Tailgut Cyst: An Unusual Presentation
Rabia Arshad, Noor Khalid, Mubashir Rafique, Ruqia Mushtaq, Fakhar Munir Sial
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Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a tailgut cyst: role of radiotherapy
Diego Aldave, Ana Teijo, Claudia Abril, Laura Cerezo
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Hamartoma quístico retrorrectal (tailgut cyst): reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Juan Dario Puerta Diaz, Rodrigo Castaño Llano, Alfredo Enrique Martelo Román, Juan Esteban Puerta Botero
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Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Evolutionary Problems of Retro-Rectal Tumors (About 3 Cases)
Hajri Amal, Ahmed Elmi Abdirahim, Rachid Boufettal, Erguibi Driss, Saad Rifki El Jai, Farid Chehab
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Epidemiology, diagnostic approach and therapeutic management of tailgut cysts: A systematic review
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Surgical Management of Retrorectal Tumors
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“The Innate Tail”: An Unusual Cause of Rectal Bleeding in an Adult Male
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Laparoscopic resection of a neuroendocrine tumor that almost fully replaced tailgut cysts: a case report
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A Tailgut Cyst in the Ischiorectal Fossa—A Case Report—
Ryo INADA, Eri KURODA, Ayako WATANABE, Toshiaki TOSHIMA, Kazuhide OZAKI, Yuichi SHIBUYA, Manabu MATSUMOTO, Jun IWATA
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Tailgut Cyst, Report of 24 Cases Single Center Experience
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Prognostic Impact of Immunonutritional Status Changes During Preoperative Chemoradiation in Patients With Rectal Cancer: Yong Joon Lee, Woo Ram Kim, Jeonghee Han, Yoon Dae Han, Min Soo Cho, Hyuk Hur, Kang Young Lee, Nam Kyu Kim, Byung Soh Min; Ann Coloproctol. 2016;32(6):208-214. Published online December 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2016.32.6.208

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

Previous studies have demonstrated the prognostic impact of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), a proposed indicator of immunonutritional statuses of surgical patients, on patients with various gastrointestinal cancers. Although the prognostic impact of the PNI on patients with colorectal cancer has been well established, its value has not been studied in patients treated with preoperative chemoradiation (pCRT). This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of PNI on patients receiving pCRT for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).

Methods

Patients with LARC who underwent curative pCRT followed by surgical resection were enrolled. The PNI was measured in all patients before and after pCRT, and the difference in values was calculated as the PNI difference (dPNI). Patients were classified according to dPNI (<5, 5–10, and >10). Clinicopathologic parameters and long-term oncologic outcomes were assessed according to dPNI classification.

Results

No significant intergroup differences were observed in clinicopathologic parameters such as age, histologic grade, tumor location, tumor-node-metastasis stage, and postoperative complications. Approximately 53% of the patients had a mild dPNI (<5); only 15% had a high dPNI (>10). Univariate and multivariate analyses identified the dPNI as an independent prognostic factor for disease-free status (P < 0.01; hazard ratio [HR], 2.792; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.577–4.942) and for cancer-specific survival (P = 0.012; HR, 2.469; 95%CI, 1.225–4.978).

Conclusion

The dPNI is predictive of long-term outcomes in pCRT-treated patients with LARC. Further prospective studies should investigate whether immune-nutritional status correction during pCRT would improve oncologic outcomes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Preoperative albumin-to-globulin ratio and prognostic nutritional index predict the prognosis of colorectal cancer: a retrospective study
JunHu Li, Na Zhu, Cheng Wang, LiuPing You, WenLong Guo, ZhiHan Yuan, Shuai Qi, HanZheng Zhao, JiaYong Yu, YueNan Huang
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The modified Glasgow prognostic score is a reliable predictor of oncological outcomes in patients with rectal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Atsushi Shimada, Takeru Matsuda, Ryuichiro Sawada, Hiroshi Hasegawa, Kimihiro Yamashita, Hitoshi Harada, Naoki Urakawa, Hironobu Goto, Shingo Kanaji, Taro Oshikiri, Yoshihiro Kakeji
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic Value of Postoperative Neutrophil and Albumin: Reassessment One Month After Gastric Cancer Surgery
Ali Guner, Minah Cho, Yoo-Min Kim, Jae-Ho Cheong, Woo Jin Hyung, Hyoung-Il Kim
Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Pelvimetric and Nutritional Factors Predicting Surgical Difficulty in Laparoscopic Resection for Rectal Cancer Following Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy
Yanwu Sun, Jianhua Chen, Chengwei Ye, Huiming Lin, Xingrong Lu, Ying Huang, Pan Chi
World Journal of Surgery.2021; 45(7): 2261. CrossRef
Inflammation‐nutritional markers of peripheral blood could predict survival in advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients treated with PD‐1 inhibitors
Dan Pu, Qian Xu, Lai‐Yan Zhou, Yu‐Wen Zhou, Ji‐Yan Liu, Xue‐Lei Ma
Thoracic Cancer.2021; 12(21): 2914. CrossRef
Preoperative change of modified Glasgow prognostic score after stenting predicts the long-term outcomes of obstructive colorectal cancer
Ryuichiro Sato, Masaya Oikawa, Tetsuya Kakita, Takaho Okada, Tomoya Abe, Takashi Yazawa, Haruyuki Tsuchiya, Naoya Akazawa, Masaki Sato, Tetsuya Ohira, Yoshihiro Harada, Haruka Okano, Kei Ito, Noriaki Ohuchi, Takashi Tsuchiya
Surgery Today.2020; 50(3): 232. CrossRef
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Yanwu Sun, Zhekun Huang, Huiming Lin, Pan Chi
Future Oncology.2020; 16(8): 339. CrossRef
Low Prognostic Nutritional Index Predicts Poor Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Stage IIIB Non-small-cell Lung Carcinoma Undergoing Chemoradiotherapy

Yurday Ozdemir, Erkan Topkan, Huseyin Mertsoylu, Ugur Selek
Cancer Management and Research.2020; Volume 12: 1959. CrossRef
Peripheral blood markers predictive of outcome and immune-related adverse events in advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with PD-1 inhibitors
Lihong Peng, Yong Wang, Fen Liu, Xiaotong Qiu, Xinwei Zhang, Chen Fang, Xiaoyin Qian, Yong Li
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The prognostic value of the prognostic nutritional index and inflammation-based markers in obstructive colorectal cancer
Ryuichiro Sato, Masaya Oikawa, Tetsuya Kakita, Takaho Okada, Tomoya Abe, Takashi Yazawa, Haruyuki Tsuchiya, Naoya Akazawa, Masaki Sato, Tetsuya Ohira, Yoshihiro Harada, Haruka Okano, Kei Ito, Takashi Tsuchiya
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Preoperative Fibrinogen-Albumin Ratio Index (FARI) is a Reliable Prognosis and Chemoradiotherapy Sensitivity Predictor in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Radical Surgery Following Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy

Siyi Lu, Zhenzhen Liu, Xin Zhou, Bingyan Wang, Fei Li, Yanpeng Ma, Wendong Wang, Junren Ma, Yuxia Wang, Hao Wang, Wei Fu
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Immunonutritional status and pulmonary cavitation in patients with tuberculosis: A revisit with an assessment of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio
Makoto Nakao, Hideki Muramatsu, Sosuke Arakawa, Yusuke Sakai, Yuto Suzuki, Kohei Fujita, Hidefumi Sato
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Temporal changes in immune cell composition and cytokines in response to chemoradiation in rectal cancer
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Impairment of Immunonutritional Status During Treatment is a Factor Associated With Oncologic Outcomes in Patients With Rectal Cancer Treated With Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy
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Case Report

Efficacy of Immunohistochemical Staining in Differentiating a Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Poorly Differentiated Rectal Cancer: Two Case Reports: Sairafi Rami, Yoon Dae Han, Mi Jang, Min Soo Cho, Hyuk Hur, Byung Soh Min, Kang Young Lee, Nam Kyu Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2016;32(4):150-155. Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2016.32.4.150

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Abstract PDF

A rectal carcinoma, including primary an adenosquamous and a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), is a very rare disease, accounting for 0.025% to 0.20% of all large-bowel malignant tumors. Because SCCs have a higher mortality than adenosquamous carcinomas, determining whether the primary rectal cancer exhibits an adenomatous component or a squamous component is important. While differentiating between these 2 components, especially in poorly differentiated rectal cancer, is difficult, specific immunohistochemical stains enable accurate diagnoses. Here, we report the use of immunohistochemical stains to distinguish between the adenomatous and the squamous components in 2 patients with low rectal cancer, a 58-year-old man and a 73-year-old woman, who were initially diagnosed using the histopathologic results for a poorly differentiated carcinoma. These data suggest that using these immunohistochemical stains will help to accurately diagnose the type of rectal cancer, especially for poorly differentiated carcinomas, and will provide important information to determine the proper treatment for the patient.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Cerebral metastasis from anal squamous cell carcinoma: A case report and literature review
Elena Popa, Vanesa Tomatis, Esther Quick, Paul Mitchell, Chrisovalantis Tsimiklis, Annika Mascarenhas
Oncology Letters.2025; 30(1): 1. CrossRef

Original Article

Relation of the Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Colorectal Adenomas and Adenocarcinomas to Angiogenesis and Prognosis: Yoon Dae Han, Young Ki Hong, Jung Gu Kang, Yoon Jung Choi, Chan Heun Park; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2010;26(5):339-346. Published online October 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2010.26.5.339

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

Recent studies have shown that cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 may be involved in tumor growth, invasion and apoptosis in various carcinomas. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has a potent angiogenic activity, and COX-2 promotes angiogenesis by modulating angiogenic factors, including VEGF. Endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) is considered as a factor of cell growth, maturation and cell death. The current study was designed to investigate the possible roles of COX-2 in colorectal tumor progression and angiogenesis.

Methods

Fifty colorectal adenomas and forty adenocarcinomas were investigated by using immunohistochemical staining for COX-2, VEGF and EGFR. The correlations of COX-2, VEGF and EGFR with the grade of dysplasia, the size of the adenoma, and various clinicopathologic factors were studied.

Results

The expressions of COX-2, VEGF and EGFR were each significantly correlated with carcinomatous transformation, and the expressions of COX-2 and VEGF were significantly correlated. COX-2 and EGFR showed correlations with adenomas rather than adenocarcinomas. However, no correlations of COX-2, VEGF and EGFR expression to other clinicopathologic factors, except tumor size in EGFR expression, were detected.

Conclusion

These results suggest that COX-2 may play an important role in carcinogenesis through interaction with VEGF and EGFR in human colorectal cancer.

Citations

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