Purpose Surgical management of obstructive left colon cancer (OLCC) is still a matter of debate. The classic Hartmann procedure (HP) has a disadvantage that requires a second major operation. Subtotal colectomy/total abdominal colectomy (STC/TC) with ileosigmoid or ileorectal anastomosis is proposed as an alternative procedure to avoid stoma and anastomotic leakage. However, doubts about morbidity and functional outcome and lack of long-term outcomes have made surgeons hesitate to perform this procedure. Therefore, this trial was designed to provide data for morbidity, functional outcomes, and long-term outcomes of STC/TC.
Methods This study retrospectively analyzed consecutive cases of OLCC that were treated by STC/TC between January 2000 and November 2020 at a single tertiary referral center. Perioperative outcomes and long-term outcomes of STC/TC were analyzed.
Results Twenty-five descending colon cancer (45.5%) and 30 sigmoid colon cancer cases (54.5%) were enrolled in this study. Postoperative complications occurred in 12 patients. The majority complication was postoperative ileus (10 of 12). Anastomotic leakage and perioperative mortality were not observed. At 6 to 12 weeks after the surgery, the median frequency of defecation was twice per day (interquartile range, 1–3 times per day). Eight patients (14.5%) required medication during this period, but only 3 of 8 patients required medication after 1 year. The 3-year disease-free survival was 72.7% and 3-year overall survival was 86.7%.
Conclusion The risk of anastomotic leakage is low after STC/TC. Functional and long-term outcomes are also acceptable. Therefore, STC/TC for OLCC is a safe, 1-stage procedure that does not require diverting stoma.
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Purpose Surgery to create a stoma for decompression might be required for unresectable stage IV cancer patients with complete colonic obstruction. The aim of this study was to compare the results of blowhole colostomy with those of loop ostomy.
Methods Palliative ileostomy or colostomy procedures performed at a single center between January 2011 and October 2020, were analyzed retrospectively. Fifty-nine patients were identified during this period. The demographic characteristics and outcomes between the blowhole colostomy group (n=24) and the loop ostomy group (n=35) were compared.
Results The median operative time tended to be shorter in the blowhole colostomy group (52.5 minutes; interquartile range [IQR], 43–65) than in the loop ostomy group (60 minutes; IQR, 40–107), but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P=0.162). The median length of hospital stay was significantly shorter with blowhole colostomy (blowhole, 13 days [IQR, 9–23]; loop, 21 days [IQR, 14–37]; P=0.013). Mean cecum diameter was significantly larger in the blowhole group than in the loop group (8.83±1.91 cm vs. 6.78±2.36 cm, P=0.001), and the emergency operation rate was higher in the blowhole group than in the loop group (22 of 24 [91.7%] vs. 23 of 35 [65.7%], P=0.021).
Conclusion In surgical emergencies, diverting a blowhole colostomy can be safe and effective for palliative management of colonic obstruction in patients with end-stage cancer and might reduce the operative time in emergent situations.
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Purpose Choosing the appropriate antibiotic is important for treatment of complicated appendicitis. However, increasing multidrug resistant bacteria have been a serious problem for successful treatment. This study was designed to identify bacteria isolated from patients with complicated appendicitis and reveal their susceptibilities for antibiotics and their relationship with patient clinical course.
Methods This study included patients diagnosed with complicated appendicitis and examined the bacterial cultures and antimicrobial susceptibilities of the isolates. Data were retrospectively collected from medical records of Kangbuk Samsung Hospital from January 2008 to February 2018.
Results The common bacterial species cultured in complicated appendicitis were as follows: Escherichia coli (n=113, 48.9%), Streptococcus spp. (n=29, 12.6%), Pseudomonas spp. (n=23, 10.0%), Bacteriodes spp. (n=22, 9.5%), Klebsiella (n=11, 4.8%), and Enterococcus spp. (n=8, 3.5%). In antibiotics susceptibility testing, the positive rate of extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) was 9.1% (21 of 231). The resistance rate to carbapenem was 1.7% (4 of 231), while that to vancomycin was 0.4% (1 of 231). E. coli was 16.8% ESBL positive (19 of 113) and had 22.1% and 19.5% resistance rates to cefotaxime and ceftazidime, respectively. Inappropriate empirical antibiotic treatment (IEAT) occurred in 55 cases (31.8%) and was significantly related with organ/space surgical site infection (SSI) (7 of 55, P=0.005).
Conclusion The rate of antibiotic resistance organisms was high in community-acquired complicated appendicitis in Koreans. Additionally, IEAT in complicated appendicitis may lead to increased rates of SSI. Routine intraoperative culture in patients with complicated appendicitis may be an effective strategy for appropriate antibiotic regimen.
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Case Report
Malignant disease, Benign GI diease,Colorectal cancer,Complication
Everolimus (Afinitor) is an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin. Polmacoxib (Acelex) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that belongs to the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor family and is mainly used for treatment of arthritis. Intestinal perforation has not been reported previously as a complication of everolimus, and perforation of the lower intestinal tract caused by a selective COX-2 inhibitor is extremely rare. We present here a case of colon perforation that occurred after use of polmacoxib in a metastatic breast cancer patient who had been treated with everolimus for the preceding six months.
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Purpose The low rate of recurrent appendicitis after initial nonsurgical management of complicated appendicitis supports the recently implemented strategy of omitting routine interval appendectomy. However, several reports have suggested an increased incidence rate of neoplasms in these patients. We aimed to identify the risk of neoplasms in the population undergoing interval appendectomy.
Methods This study retrospectively analyzed consecutive cases of appendicitis that were treated surgically between January 2014 and December 2018 at a single tertiary referral center. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on whether they underwent immediate or interval appendectomy. Demographics and perioperative clinical and pathologic parameters were analyzed.
Results All 2,013 adults included in the study underwent surgical treatment because of an initial diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Of these, 5.5% (111 of 2,013) underwent interval appendectomy. Appendiceal neoplasm was identified on pathologic analysis in 36 cases (1.8%). The incidence of neoplasm in the interval group was 12.6% (14 of 111), which was significantly higher than that of the immediate group (1.2% [22 of 1,902], P < 0.001). Conclusion: The incidence rate of neoplasms was significantly higher in patients undergoing interval appendectomy.
These findings should be considered when choosing treatment options after successful nonsurgical management of complicated appendicitis.
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Purpose According to surgical dogma, patients who are recovering from general anesthesia after abdominal surgery should begin with a clear liquid diet, progress to a full liquid diet and then to a soft diet before taking regular meals. We propose patient-controlled nutrition (PCN), which is a novel concept in postoperative nutrition after abdominal surgery.
Methods A retrospective pilot study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and effects of PCN. This study was carried out with a total of 179 consecutive patients who underwent a laparoscopic appendectomy between August 2014 and July 2016. In the PCN group, diet was advanced depending on the choice of the patients themselves; in the traditional group, diet was progressively advanced to a full liquid or soft diet and then a regular diet as tolerated. The primary endpoints were time to tolerance of regular diet and postoperative hospital stay.
Results Time to tolerance of a regular diet (P < 0.001) and postoperative hospital stay (P < 0.001) showed statistically significant differences between the groups. Multivariate analysis using linear regression showed that the traditional nutrition pattern was the only factor associated with postoperative hospital stay (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed that traditional nutrition was the only risk factor associated with prolonged postoperative hospital stay (≥3 days).
Conclusion After abdominal surgery, PCN may be a feasible and effective concept in postoperative nutrition. In our Early Recovery after Surgery program, our PCN concept may reduce the time to tolerance of a regular diet and shorten the postoperative hospital stay.
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This study compared a subtotal colectomy to self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) insertion as a bridge to surgery for patients with left colon-cancer obstruction.
Methods
Ninety-four consecutive patients with left colon-cancer obstruction underwent an emergency subtotal colectomy or elective SEMS insertion between January 2007 and August 2014. Using prospectively collected data, we performed a retrospective comparative analysis on an intention-to-treat basis.
Results
A subtotal colectomy and SEMS insertion were attempted in 24 and 70 patients, respectively. SEMS insertion technically failed in 5 patients (7.1%). The mean age and rate of obstruction in the descending colon were higher in the subtotal colectomy group than the SEMS group. Sex, underlying disease, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, and pathological stage showed no statistical difference. Laparoscopic surgery was performed more frequently in patients in the SEMS group (62 of 70, 88.6%) than in patients in the subtotal colectomy group (4 of 24, 16.7%). The overall rate of postoperative morbidity was higher in the SEMS group. No Clavien-Dindo grade III or IV complications occurred in the subtotal colectomy group, but 2 patients (2.9%) died from septic complications in the SEMS group. One patient (4.2%) in the subtotal colectomy group had synchronous cancer. The total hospital stay was shorter in the subtotal colectomy group. The median number of bowel movements in the subtotal colectomy group was twice per day at postoperative 3–6 months.
Conclusion
A subtotal colectomy for patients with obstructive left-colon cancer is a clinically and oncologically safer, 1-stage, surgical strategy compared to SEMS insertion as a bridge to surgery.
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With extended life expectancy, the mean age of patients at the time of diagnosis of colorectal cancer and its treatment, including radical resection, is increasing gradually. We aimed to evaluate the impact of age on postoperative clinical outcomes after a laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancers.
Methods
This is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Patients with primary colorectal malignancies or premalignant lesions who underwent laparoscopic colectomies between January 2009 and April 2013 were identified. Patients were divided into 6 groups by age using 70, 75, and 80 years as cutoffs: younger than 70, 70 or older, younger than 75, 75 or older, younger than 80, and 80 or older. Demographics, pathological parameters, and postoperative clinical outcomes, including postoperative morbidity, were compared between the younger and the older age groups.
Results
All 578 patients underwent a laparoscopic colorectal resection. The overall postoperative complication rate was 21.1% (n = 122). There were 4 cases of operative mortality (0.7%). Postoperative complication rates were consistently higher in the older groups at all three cutoffs; however, only the comparison with a cutoff at 80 years showed a statistically significant difference between the younger and the older groups.
Conclusion
Age over 80 is a possible risk factor for postoperative morbidity after a laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer.
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Recently, an increase in well-differentiated rectal neuroendocrine tumors (WRNETs) has been noted. We aimed to evaluate transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) for the treatment of WRNETs.
Methods
Between December 1995 and August 2009, 109 patients with WRNETs underwent TEM. TEM was performed for patients with tumors sizes of up to 20 mm and without a lymphadenopathy. These patients had been referred from other clinics after having been diagnosed with WRNETs by using a colonoscopic biopsy; they had undergone a failed endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and exhibited an involved resection margin and remaining tumor after ESD or EMR, regardless of the distance from the anal verge. This study included 38 patients that had more than three years of follow-up.
Results
The mean age of the patients was 51.3 ± 11.9 years, the mean tumor size was 8.0 ± 3.9 mm, and no morbidity occurred. Thirty-five patients were asymptomatic. TEM was performed after a colonoscopic resection in 13 cases because of a positive resection margin, a residual tumor or a non-lifting lesion. Complete resections were performed in 37 patients; one patient with a positive margin was considered surgically complete. In one patient, liver metastasis and a recurrent mesorectal node occurred after five and 10 years, respectively.
Conclusion
TEM might provide an accessible and effective treatment either as an initial or as an adjunct after a colonoscopic resection for a WRNET.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
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