Brief Communication
Minimally invasive surgery
- First clinical experience using augmented intelligence in robotic colorectal surgery with the Senhance robotic platform
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Narimantas Evaldas Samalavicius, Audrius Dulskas
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Ann Coloproctol. 2024;40(4):412-414. Published online August 30, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2023.00815.0116
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- Experiences in robotic colorectal surgery: comprehensive insights from a multi-center analysis using the Senhance Robotic System
Narimantas E. Samalavicius, Rita Karpiciute, Vaida Nausediene, Frank Willeke, Olaf Martin Hansen, Vivianda Menke
Journal of Robotic Surgery.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Original Articles
Colorectal cancer
- International Society of University Colon and Rectal Surgeons survey of surgeons’ preference on rectal cancer treatment
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Audrius Dulskas, Philip F. Caushaj, Domas Grigoravicius, Liu Zheng, Richard Fortunato, Joseph W. Nunoo-Mensah, Narimantas E. Samalavicius
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Ann Coloproctol. 2023;39(4):307-314. Published online October 11, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2022.00255.0036
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Graphical Abstract
Abstract
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Supplementary Material

- Purpose
Rectal cancer treatment has a wide range of possible approaches from radical extirpative surgery to nonoperative watchful waiting following chemoradiotherapy, with or without, additional chemotherapy. Our goal was to assess the personal opinion of active practicing surgeons on rectal cancer treatment if he/she was the patient.
Methods
A panel of the International Society of University Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ISUCRS) selected 10 questions that were included in a questionnaire that included other items including demographics. The questionnaire was distributed electronically to ISUCRS fellows and other surgeons included in our database and remained open from April 16 to 28, 2020.
Results
One hundred sixty-three specialists completed the survey. The majority of surgeons (n=65, 39.9%) chose the minimally invasive (laparoscopic) surgery for their personal treatment of rectal cancer. For low-lying rectal cancer T1 and T2, the treatment choice was standard chemoradiation+local excision (n=60, 36.8%) followed by local excision±chemoradiotherapy if needed (n=55, 33.7%). In regards to locally advanced low rectal cancer T3 or greater, the preference of the responders was for laparoscopic surgery (n=65, 39.9%). We found a statistically significant relationship between surgeons’ age and their preference for minimally invasive techniques demonstrating an age-based bias on senior surgeons’ inclination toward open approach.
Conclusion
Our survey reveals an age-based preference by surgeons for minimally invasive surgical techniques as well as organ-preserving techniques for personal treatment of treating rectal cancer. Only 1/4 of specialists do adhere to the international guidelines for treating early rectal cancer.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Performance reporting design in artificial intelligence studies using image-based TNM staging and prognostic parameters in rectal cancer: a systematic review
Minsung Kim, Taeyong Park, Bo Young Oh, Min Jeong Kim, Bum-Joo Cho, Il Tae Son
Annals of Coloproctology.2024; 40(1): 13. CrossRef - Sex Disparities in Rectal Cancer Surgery: An In-Depth Analysis of Surgical Approaches and Outcomes
Chungyeop Lee, In Ja Park
The World Journal of Men's Health.2024; 42(2): 304. CrossRef - Effects of Adjuvant Chemotherapy on Oncologic Outcomes in Patients With Stage ⅡA Rectal Cancer Above the Peritoneal Reflection Who Did Not Undergo Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy
Hyo Seon Ryu, Jong Lyul Lee, Chan Wook Kim, Yong Sik Yoon, In Ja Park, Seok-Byung Lim, Yong Sang Hong, Tae Won Kim, Chang Sik Yu
Clinical Colorectal Cancer.2024; 23(4): 392. CrossRef - Comparative analysis of organ preservation attempt and radical surgery in clinical T2N0 mid to low rectal cancer
Hyeung-min Park, Jaram Lee, Soo Young Lee, Chang Hyun Kim, Hyeong Rok Kim
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Beyond survival: a comprehensive review of quality of life in rectal cancer patients
Won Beom Jung
Annals of Coloproctology.2024; 40(6): 527. CrossRef - Unveiling the profound advantages of total neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer: a trailblazing exploration
Kyung Uk Jung, Hyung Ook Kim, Hungdai Kim, Donghyoun Lee, Chinock Cheong
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2023; 105(6): 341. CrossRef
- Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery for Patients With Rectal Tumors: A Single Institution's Experience
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Audrius Dulskas, Alfredas Kilius, Kestutis Petrulis, Narimantas E. Samalavicius
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Ann Coloproctol. 2017;33(1):23-27. Published online February 28, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2017.33.1.23
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4,602
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Abstract
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- Purpose
The purpose of this study was to look at our complication rates and recurrence rates, as well as the need for further radical surgery, in treating patients with benign and early malignant rectal tumors by using transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM).
MethodsOur study included 130 patients who had undergone TEM for rectal adenomas and early rectal cancer from December 2009 to December 2015 at the Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Lithuania. Patients underwent digital and endoscopic evaluation with multiple biopsies. For preoperative staging, pelvic magnetic resonance imaging or endorectal ultrasound was performed. We recorded the demographics, operative details, final pathologies, postoperative lengths of hospital stay, postoperative complications, and recurrences.
ResultsThe average tumor size was 2.8 ± 1.5 cm (range, 0.5–8.3 cm). 102 benign (78.5%) and 28 malignant tumors (21.5%) were removed. Of the latter, 23 (82.1%) were pT1 cancers and 5 (17.9%) pT2 cancers. Of the 5 patients with pT2 cancer, 2 underwent adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, 1 underwent an abdominoperineal resection, 1 refused further treatment and 1 was lost to follow up. No intraoperative complications occurred. In 7 patients (5.4%), postoperative complications were observed: urinary retention (4 patients, 3.1%), postoperative hemorrhage (2 patients, 1.5%), and wound dehiscence (1 patient, 0.8%). All complications were treated conservatively. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 2.3 days.
ConclusionTEM in our experience demonstrated low complication and recurrence rates. This technique is recommended for treating patients with a rectal adenoma and early rectal cancer and has good prognosis.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- TEMPOUR: A Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing Perioperative Use of an Alpha-1 Blocker to Reduce Postoperative Urinary Retention After Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery Procedures
Thomas Couture, Claudya Morin, Janyssa Charbonneau, Émilie Papillon-Dion, Alexandre Bouchard, François Rouleau-Fournier, Philippe Bouchard, François Letarte, Alexis F. Turgeon, Sebastien Drolet
Diseases of the Colon & Rectum.2025; 68(4): 475. CrossRef - The Outcome of Local Excision of Rectal Adenomas with High-Grade Dysplasia by Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery: A Single-Center Experience
Muhammad Khalifa, Rachel Gingold-Belfer, Nidal Issa
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(5): 1419. CrossRef - Transanal endoscopic rectal resection: immediate and long-term results
A.A. Maslov, Yu.A. Gevorkyan, N.V. Soldatkina, A.V. Dashkov, S.I. Poluektov, V.E. Kolesnikov, D.O. Kaymakchi, A.V. Snezhko
Khirurgiya. Zhurnal im. N.I. Pirogova.2022; (1): 30. CrossRef - Complex Procedures in Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery: Intraperitoneal Entry, Ultra Large Rectal Tumors, High Lesions, and Resection in the Anal Canal
Xavier Serra-Aracil, Victoria Lucas-Guerrero, Laura Mora-López
Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery.2022; 35(02): 129. CrossRef - Multidisciplinary treatment strategy for early rectal cancer
Gyung Mo Son, In Young Lee, Sung Hwan Cho, Byung-Soo Park, Hyun Sung Kim, Su Bum Park, Hyung Wook Kim, Sang Bo Oh, Tae Un Kim, Dong Hoon Shin
Precision and Future Medicine.2022; 6(1): 32. CrossRef - Is Local Resection of Anal Canal Tumors Feasible with Transanal Endoscopic Surgery?
Xavier Serra‐Aracil, Andrea Campos‐Serra, Laura Mora‐López, Sheila Serra‐Pla, Anna Pallisera‐Lloveras, Roser Flores‐Clotet, Alba Zárate‐Pinedo, Salvador Navarro‐Soto
World Journal of Surgery.2020; 44(3): 939. CrossRef - Transanal endoscopic microsurgery for a rectal polyp – a video vignette
N. E. Samalavicius, P. Kavaliauskas, A. Dulskas
Colorectal Disease.2020; 22(9): 1203. CrossRef - Endoscopic diagnosis of gastrointestinal melanoma
Sheng Wang, Siyu Sun, Xiang Liu, Nan Ge, Guoxin Wang, Jintao Guo, Wen Liu, Jinlong Hu
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology.2020; 55(3): 330. CrossRef - Is Previous Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery for Early Rectal Cancer a Risk Factor of Worse Outcome following Salvage Surgery A Case-Matched Analysis
Audrius Dulskas, Aivaras Atkociunas, Alfredas Kilius, Kestutis Petrulis, Narimantas E. Samalavicius
Visceral Medicine.2019; 35(3): 151. CrossRef - Transanal endoscopic microsurgery for rectal lesions in a specialist regional early rectal cancer centre: the Mersey experience
M. Ondhia, P. Tamvakeras, P. O'Toole, A. Montazerri, T. Andrews, C. Farrell, S. Ahmed, S. Slawik, S. Ahmed
Colorectal Disease.2019; 21(10): 1164. CrossRef - Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery for Patients with Rare Rectal Tumors
Xin Wu, Guole Lin, Huizhong Qiu, Jiaolin Zhou
Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques.2018; 28(5): 546. CrossRef - Modern management of T1 rectal cancer by transanal endoscopic microsurgery: a 10‐year single‐centre experience
H. J. S. Jones, R. Hompes, N. Mortensen, C. Cunningham
Colorectal Disease.2018; 20(7): 586. CrossRef - Transanal endoscopic microsurgery as day surgery – a single‐centre experience with 500 patients
C. J. Brown, J. Q. Gentles, T. P. Phang, A. A. Karimuddin, M. J. Raval
Colorectal Disease.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery
Byung Chun Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2017; 33(1): 5. CrossRef - Transanal endoscopic microsurgery for giant benign rectal tumours: is large size a contraindication?
Audrius Dulskas, Alfredas Kilius, Kestutis Petrulis, Narimantas E. Samalavicius
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2017; 32(12): 1759. CrossRef
- Usefulness of Anorectal Manometry for Diagnosing Continence Problems After a Low Anterior Resection
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Audrius Dulskas, Narimantas E. Samalavicius
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Ann Coloproctol. 2016;32(3):101-104. Published online June 30, 2016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2016.32.3.101
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4,325
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Abstract
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- Purpose
For several decades, the low anterior resection (LAR) with total mesorectal excision (TME) has been the gold standard for treating patients with rectal cancer. Up to 90% of patients undergoing sphincter-preserving surgery will have changes in bowel habits, so-called 'anterior resection syndrome.' This study examined patients' continence after a LAR for the treatment of rectal cancer.
MethodsThis prospective study was performed between September 2014 and August 2015 at the National Cancer Institute and included 30 patients who underwent anorectal manometry preoperatively and at 3 and 4 months after a LAR, but 10 were excluded from further evaluation for various reasons. Wexner score was recorded preoperatively and 4 months after LAR (1 month after ileostomy repair).
ResultsPostoperatively, 70% of patients complained of some degree of soiling (incontinence to liquid stool), and 30% experienced urgent defecation. Four months after surgery, these symptoms had somewhat abated. The anal resting pressure and the maximum squeezing pressure did not change significantly. Rectal capacity and compliance were reduced in all patients. The majority of patients demonstrated manometric anorectal changes and clinical anorectal function disorders during the first 4 months after surgery. The Wexner scores and the manometric findings showed no correlation.
ConclusionMany patients undergoing a LAR with TME for the treatment of rectal cancer experience some degree of incontinence postoperatively. Anorectal manometry may be used as an additional tool for evaluating problems with continence after a LAR. No correlation between the Wexner score and the manometric findings was observed.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Long-term Survival and Functional Outcomes of Laparoscopic Surgery for Clinical Stage I Ultra-low Rectal Cancers Located Within 5 cm of the Anal Verge
Masaaki Ito, Yuichiro Tsukada, Jun Watanabe, Yosuke Fukunaga, Yasumitsu Hirano, Kazuhiro Sakamoto, Hiroki Hamamoto, Masanori Yoshimitsu, Hisanaga Horie, Nobuhisa Matsuhashi, Yoshiaki Kuriu, Shuntaro Nagai, Madoka Hamada, Shinichi Yoshioka, Shinobu Ohnuma,
Annals of Surgery.2025; 281(2): 304. CrossRef - Long term persistence and risk factors for anorectal symptoms following low anterior resection for rectal cancer
E. Koifman, M. Armoni, Y. Gorelik, A. Harbi, Y. Streltsin, S. D. Duek, R. Brun, Y. Mazor
BMC Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiation on anorectal function assessed with anorectal manometry: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Pamela Milito, Guglielmo Niccolò Piozzi, Mohammad Iqbal Hussain, Tommaso A. Dragani, Luca Sorrentino, Maurizio Cosimelli, Marcello Guaglio, Luigi Battaglia
Tumori Journal.2024; 110(4): 284. CrossRef - Low anterior resection syndrome
Matthew C. Hernandez, Paul Wong, Kurt Melstrom
Journal of Surgical Oncology.2023; 127(8): 1271. CrossRef - Effects of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy for anorectal function in locally advanced rectal cancer patients: a study protocol for a prospective, observational, controlled, multicentre study
Jie Shi, Yi-Kan Cheng, Fang He, Jian Zheng, Yun-Long Wang, Xiang-Bo Wan, Hong-Cheng Lin, Xin-Juan Fan
BMC Cancer.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Should anorectal manometry be routine before stoma reversal in patients after an intersphincteric resection?
Mufaddal Kazi, Bhushan Jajoo, Jitender Rohila, Sayali Dohale, Chaitali Nashikkar, Rajesh Sainani, Prajesh Bhuta, Ashwin Desouza, Avanish Saklani
Colorectal Disease.2023; 25(8): 1638. CrossRef - Optimizing the Utility of Anorectal Manometry for Diagnosis and Therapy: A Roundtable Review and Recommendations
Satish S.C. Rao, Nitin K. Ahuja, Adil E. Bharucha, Darren M. Brenner, William D. Chey, Jill K. Deutsch, David C. Kunkel, Baharak Moshiree, Leila Neshatian, Robert M. Reveille, Gregory S. Sayuk, Jordan M. Shapiro, Eric D. Shah, Kyle Staller, Steven D. Wexn
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2023; 21(11): 2727. CrossRef - Clinical impact of the triple‐layered circular stapler for reducing the anastomotic leakage in rectal cancer surgery: Porcine model and multicenter retrospective cohort analysis
Ryota Nakanishi, Yoshiaki Fujimoto, Masahiko Sugiyama, Yuichi Hisamatsu, Tomonori Nakanoko, Koji Ando, Mitsuhiko Ota, Yasue Kimura, Eiji Oki, Tomoharu Yoshizumi
Annals of Gastroenterological Surgery.2022; 6(2): 256. CrossRef - Troubles de la motricité anorectale : troubles fonctionnels de la défécation et incontinence fécale
C. Desprez, V. Bridoux, A.-M. Leroi
Journal de Chirurgie Viscérale.2022; 159(1): S46. CrossRef - Disorders of anorectal motility: Functional defecation disorders and fecal incontinence
C. Desprez, V. Bridoux, A.-M. Leroi
Journal of Visceral Surgery.2022; 159(1): S40. CrossRef - Long-Term Anorectal Manometry Outcomes After Laparoscopic and Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision
Ana López-Sánchez, Antonio Morandeira-Rivas, Carlos Moreno-Sanz, Francisco Javier Cortina-Oliva, Marina Manzanera-Díaz, Jhonny David Gonzales-Aguilar
Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques.2021; 31(4): 395. CrossRef - Assessment of defecation function after sphincter-saving resection for mid to low rectal cancer: A cross-sectional study
Bao-Jia Luo, Mei-Chun Zheng, Yang Xia, Zhu Ying, Jian-Hong Peng, Li-Ren Li, Zhi-Zhong Pan, Hui-Ying Qin
European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2021; 55: 102059. CrossRef - Functional outcomes after sphincter-preserving surgeries for low-lying rectal cancer: A review
Eun Jung Park, Seung Hyuk Baik
Precision and Future Medicine.2021; 5(4): 164. CrossRef - Predictors of permanent stoma creation in patients with mid or low rectal cancer: results of a multicentre cohort study with preoperative evaluation of anal function
S. Kim, M. H. Kim, J. H. Oh, S.‐Y. Jeong, K. J. Park, H.‐K. Oh, D.‐W. Kim, S.‐B. Kang
Colorectal Disease.2020; 22(4): 399. CrossRef - Preoperative incremental maximum squeeze pressure as a predictor of fecal incontinence after very low anterior resection for low rectal cancer
Masatoshi Kochi, Hiroyuki Egi, Tomohiro Adachi, Yuji Takakura, Shoichiro Mukai, Kazuhiro Taguchi, Ikki Nakashima, Yusuke Sumi, Shintaro Akabane, Koki Sato, Hisaaki Yoshinaka, Minoru Hattori, Hideki Ohdan
Surgery Today.2020; 50(5): 516. CrossRef - Manometric assessment of anorectal function after transanal total mesorectal excision
M. X. Bjoern, S. K. Perdawood
Techniques in Coloproctology.2020; 24(3): 231. CrossRef - Postoperative Bowel Function After Anal Sphincter-Preserving Rectal Cancer Surgery: Risks Factors, Diagnostic Modalities, and Management
Chris George Cura Pales, Sanghyun An, Jan Paolo Cruz, Kwangmin Kim, Youngwan Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2019; 35(4): 160. CrossRef - Effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation for Bowel Dysfunction After Intersphincteric Resection for Lower Rectal Cancer
Hideaki Nishigori, Masayuki Ishii, Yujiro Kokado, Kouji Fujimoto, Hiroshi Higashiyama
World Journal of Surgery.2018; 42(10): 3415. CrossRef
- Clinical Outcomes of 103 Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgeries for Left-Sided Colon and Rectal Cancer: Single Institutional Review
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Narimantas Evaldas Samalavicius, Rakesh Kumar Gupta, Audrius Dulskas, Darius Kazanavicius, Kestutis Petrulis, Raimundas Lunevicius
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Ann Coloproctol. 2013;29(6):225-230. Published online December 31, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2013.29.6.225
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4,520
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Abstract
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- Purpose
The laparoscopic colectomy is avoided principally because of its technical difficulty, steep learning curve, and increased operative time. Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) is an alternative technique that addresses these problems while preserving the short-term benefits of a laparoscopic colectomy. Our study was aimed to describe the characteristics of patients admitted due to left-sided colon and rectal cancer for HALS.
MethodsA prospectively maintained database was used to identify patients who underwent HALS at the Institute of Oncology, Vilnius University, from July 1, 2009, to October 1, 2012.
ResultsOne hundred-three HALS colorectal resections were performed. The patients' mean age was 64 ± 13.4 years. There were 46 male and 57 female patients. The body mass index was 27.3 ± 5.8 kg/m2. Forty-three patients (41.8%) had experienced prior abdominal surgery. The mean HALS time was 105 minutes (range, 55-85 minutes). The conversion rate was 2.7% (3/103). The median of return of gastrointestinal function was 2.5 days (range, 2.2-4.5 days). The median length of hospital stay was 9 days. The postoperative complication and mortality rates were 10.7% and 0.97%, respectively. Four incisional hernias (3.9%) were seen at a mean follow-up of 7.0 ± 3.4 months. None of the patients had a trocar or a hand-port site recurrence.
ConclusionA HALS colorectal resection is a safe and effective technique, and it provides all the benefits of minimally invasive surgery.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Hand Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer: Surgical and Oncological Outcomes from a Single Tertiary Referral Centre
Narimantas Evaldas Samalavicius, Zygimantas Kuliesius, Robertas Stasys Samalavičius, Renatas Tikuisis, Edgaras Smolskas, Zilvinas Gricius, Povilas Kavaliauskas, Audrius Dulskas
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(13): 3781. CrossRef - Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery for Rectal Cancer—Comparative Study Between Two Centres
Audrius Dulskas, Mahdi Albandar, Narimantas E. Samalavicius, Yoon Dae Han, Nam Kyu Kim
Indian Journal of Surgery.2021; 83(1): 48. CrossRef - Laparoscopic hand‐assisted total mesorectal excision for mid rectal cancer using the Gelport system—a video vignette
Narimantas E. Samalavicius, Vita Klimasauskiene, Audrius Dulskas
Colorectal Disease.2021; 23(4): 1018. CrossRef - Hand‐assisted laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer – a video vignette
N. E. Samalavicius, P. Kavaliauskas, A. Dulskas
Colorectal Disease.2019; 21(11): 1336. CrossRef - High vascular ligation in left-sided colon cancer surgery is safe and adequate
Narimantas E. Samalavicius, Audrius Dulskas, Simonas Uselis, Edgaras Smolskas, Giedre Smailyte, Raimundas Lunevicius
European Surgery.2018; 50(5): 221. CrossRef - Laparoscopic colectomy in obese patients: a comparison of laparoscopic and hand-assisted laparoscopic techniques
Douglas M. Overbey, Michelle L. Cowan, Patrick W. Hosokawa, Brandon C. Chapman, Jon D. Vogel
Surgical Endoscopy.2017; 31(10): 3912. CrossRef - HAND-ASSISTED LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY FOR THE CANCER OF THE LEFT COLON AND RECTUM - AN IDEAL OPTION OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY? SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE WITH 459 CASES
Narimantas E. Samalavicius, Zygimantas Kuliesius, Audrius Dulskas, Justas Kuliavas, Giedre Rudinskaite, Edgaras Smolskas, Afredas Kilius, Kestutis Petrulis
Koloproktologia.2017; (4): 7. CrossRef - Is There Still a Role for Video-Assisted Laparoscopic Gastric Banding in Severe Obesity?
Nicola Zampieri, Roberto Castellani, Lorenzo Francia
Bariatric Surgical Practice and Patient Care.2016; 11(1): 25. CrossRef - Laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy: Are all laparoscopic techniques created equal?
Emily F. Midura, Dennis J. Hanseman, Bradley R. Davis, Bobby L. Johnson, Joshua W. Kuethe, Janice F. Rafferty, Ian M. Paquette
Surgical Endoscopy.2016; 30(8): 3567. CrossRef - Preoperative prediction of conversion from laparoscopic rectal resection to open surgery: a clinical study of conversion scoring of laparoscopic rectal resection to open surgery
Guang-Dong Zhang, Xu-Ting Zhi, Jian-Li Zhang, Guang-Bo Bu, Gang Ma, Kai-Lei Wang
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2015; 30(9): 1209. CrossRef - Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Approach in Colon Surgery
Zhobin Moghadamyeghaneh, Joseph C. Carmichael, Steven Mills, Alessio Pigazzi, Ninh T. Nguyen, Michael J. Stamos
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2015; 19(11): 2045. CrossRef - What Is the Role of Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery in the Single-Port Surgery Era?
Chang-Nam Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2013; 29(6): 217. CrossRef